Introduction to Halogens
The halogens are a series of non-metal elements in Group 17 (VII A) of the periodic table. The term "halogen" means "salt former" as these elements often form salts when combined with metals.
Key Elements of Halogens
- Fluorine (F)
- Chlorine (Cl)
- Bromine (Br)
- Iodine (I)
- Astatine (At)
Properties and Characteristics
- The valence shell electronic configuration of halogens is ns²np⁵.
- In their elemental state, halogens form diatomic molecules with a single covalent bond. The bond in these molecules is non-polar.
- Halogens are highly reactive and never found uncombined in nature due to their ability to easily combine with other elements.
- These elements have seven valence electrons and require one more electron to achieve a full octet, which makes them more reactive than other non-metals.
- All three states of matter—solid, liquid, and gas—are represented by halogens at room temperature.
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