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Chapter 4 Urinary System
Multiple Choice Questions with Answers
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1. Excretion of hypotonic urine in humans is associated best with the
- glomerular capsule
- proximal convoluted tubule
- loop of the Henle
- distal convoluted tubule
Answer: d) distal convoluted tubule
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2. The walls of the ............................ are made more or less permeable to water, depending on the need to conserve water:
- ureter
- urethra
- fibrous capsule
- collecting duct
Answer: d) collecting duct
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3. Which of the following will cause a decrease in ADH production?
- dehydration
- an increase in osmotic pressure of blood
- drinking water
- abnormally low blood pressure
Answer: c) drinking water
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4. The function of glomerulus and Bowman's capsule of the nephron is to
- reabsorb water into the blood
- eliminate ammonia from the body
- reabsorb salts and amino acids
- filter the blood and capture the filtrate
Answer: d) filter the blood and capture the filtrate
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5. In man, glucose is present in blood plasma but not in urine. This is because glucose molecules are
- actively transported from the proximal convoluted tubule to blood capillaries
- oxidised to supply energy for ultrafiltration
- stored in the kidney
- too large to enter Bowman's capsule
Answer: a) actively transported from the proximal convoluted tubule to blood capillaries
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6. Evidence for glomerular filtration in the kidney could be obtained by comparing the sizes of the molecules present in Bowman's capsule with those in the
- afferent blood vessel
- collecting duct
- loop of Henle
- proximal tubule
Answer: a) afferent blood vessel
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7. The site and principal mechanism for the passage of glucose into the bloodstream in the human kidney is the
- collecting duct, by active secretion
- glomerulus, by selective reabsorption
- glomerulus, by ultrafiltration
- proximal convoluted tubule, by selective reabsorption
Answer: d) proximal convoluted tubule, by selective reabsorption
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8. A drug reduces mitochondrial activity in kidney nephrons. Which chemical will be present in increased amounts in the urine?
- ammonia
- glucose
- uric acid
- urea
Answer: b) glucose
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9. The water content of human blood is regulated by ADH. In which part of the nephron does regulation occur?
- ascending limb of loop of Henle
- descending limb of the loop of Henle
- Bowman's capsule
- proximal convoluted tubule
Answer: a) ascending limb of loop of Henle
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10. The reason why the right kidney is slightly lower than the left is
- the left kidney is bigger than right
- considerable space occupied by the heart
- considerable space occupied by the liver on the right side
- the right kidney is bigger than the left
Answer: c) considerable space occupied by the liver on the right side
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11. Which of the following is known as the functional unit of the kidney and is found in the cortex?
- calyces
- renal pyramids
- nephrons
- medulla
Answer: c) nephrons
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12. This artery passes blood to the kidney
- common iliac
- cystic
- renal
- coeliac
Answer: c) renal
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13. Which structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
- nephron
- ureter
- bladder
- urethra
Answer: b) ureter
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14. The blood vessel which carries blood to the glomerulus is the
- renal artery
- afferent arteriole
- renal vein
- peritubular capillaries
Answer: b) afferent arteriole
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15. The basic unit of the renal system is the
- cortex
- neuron
- nephron
- medulla
Answer: c) nephron
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16. The centre of the kidney where urine collects before leaving the kidneys is the
- glomerulus
- proximal tubule
- distal tubule
- renal pelvis
Answer: d) renal pelvis
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17. An organ or structure that is not a component of the urinary system is the:
- urethra
- urinary bladder
- ureter
- adrenal gland
Answer: d) adrenal gland
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18. All of the following belong to the urinary system except:
- urethra
- ureter
- bladder
- prostate
Answer: d) prostate
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19. What portion of the nephron extends into the medulla?
- nephron loop
- proximal convoluted tubule
- distal convoluted tubule
- papillary duct
Answer: a) nephron loop
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20. Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each kidney is the:
- cortex
- hilum
- medulla
- renal capsule
Answer: d) renal capsule
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