Chemical Equilibrium
Key Concepts in Chemical Equilibrium
1. Common Ion Effect
The common ion effect refers to the decreased solubility of an electrolyte when a solution already contains one of its ions. This principle is widely used in qualitative analysis and buffer solution preparation.
2. Equilibrium Constant
The equilibrium constant (Keq) is the ratio of the forward reaction rate constant (kf) to the backward reaction rate constant (kr) under specific conditions. It quantifies the position of equilibrium.
3. Law of Mass Action
This law states that the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the active masses (or concentrations) of the reactants, each raised to a power equal to the stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced equation.
4. Le-Chatelier's Principle
Le-Chatelier's principle predicts that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the system adjusts to counteract the change and restore equilibrium.
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